Skip to main content

Posts

Admiral Yi Sun-sin and the Turtle Ship

Admiral Yi Sun-sin, known posthumously as Chungmugong, is celebrated as a national hero who saved Korea from the brink of collapse during the Japanese invasions of the Imjin War. This conflict was an international war in which Joseon and Ming China allied to repel Japan’s invasions. Beginning in the 25th year of King Seonjo’s reign (1592), Japan launched two major invasions of Joseon, the first breaking out in the year of Imjin, hence the name Imjin War . Admiral Yi personally commanded every battle he fought, achieving an unprecedented record of consecutive victories unmatched in world naval history. His strategies are so renowned that they continue to be studied in naval academies in the United States, Britain, Japan, and beyond. So closely linked are Admiral Yi and the turtle ship ( geobukseon ) that one is often invoked in reference to the other. Even today, a turtle ship is displayed near the statue of Admiral Yi at Gwanghwamun in Seoul. Japanese soldiers once called it mekura bu...
Recent posts

The Old Man with a Lump

This folktale depicts the story of two old men with lumps and their encounter with goblins. In one scene, the kind old man sings to the goblins, “Shine, shine, bright moon, the same moon that Li Taibai once played under,” delighting them with his song. Moved by his gentle nature, the goblins remove the lump from his face. Later, however, the greedy and ill-tempered old man attempts to imitate him, hoping for the same reward. Instead, angered by his behavior, the goblins punish him by attaching yet another lump to his face. This tale contrasts kindness and greed, teaching the timeless lesson that good-heartedness is rewarded, while selfishness leads to misfortune.

Lovers Under the Moonlight

During the Joseon Dynasty, under the influence of Confucian values, boys and girls were not allowed to sit together once they reached the age of seven. For this reason, it was extremely difficult for men and women to meet openly in public. As a result, couples would often arrange secret rendezvous in secluded places or meet at night. Inspired by Shin Yun-bok’s Lovers Under the Moonlight , the lantern artwork Secret Rendezvous by Moonlight is held in the collection of the Kansong Art and Cultural Foundation and has been designated National Treasure No. 135. The painting is executed in ink and color on paper. In modern society, however, rising violent crimes have made women more cautious when walking at night. Parents of daughters naturally feel a heightened sense of worry, leading many to discourage late-night outings or clandestine meetings with lovers. The Lovers Under the Moonlight lantern is seen as a symbolic substitute, allowing couples to “spend time together” without the risk...

Jongmyo Jeryeak (Royal Ancestral Ritual Music and Dance)

Munmu is a type of Ilmu (line dance) performed during Confucian ancestral rites at the Munmyo shrine and the royal ancestral rituals at Jongmyo. It is danced to honor the civil virtues of the deceased, corresponding to Mumu , which praises martial achievements. At Jongmyo, Munmu is performed during the Yeongsin (welcoming of spirits), Jeonpye (presentation of offerings), and Chohon (first libation) stages of the rite. As part of the Jongmyo Daeje (Great Ritual at Jongmyo), this dance employs ritual objects: in the left hand, dancers hold an yak (a bamboo flute with three holes made of yellow bamboo), and in the right hand, a jeok (a wooden staff decorated with pheasant feathers). The choreography begins with the dancers lifting their right foot and raising both arms as if carrying something on their shoulders, followed by bowing forward while lowering their arms. These movements are performed first facing north, then west, east, and back north again, repeating the same sequence ...

Baekje’s Government System and Attire

Baekje was a kingdom founded in 18 BCE by King Onjo. Building its foundation on the fertile natural environment of the Han River basin, the kingdom grew and flourished, reaching its peak under King Geunchogo. Baekje cultivated a refined and elegant culture, but it fell in 660 CE to the allied forces of Silla and Tang. According to legend, Onjo, the son of Jumong, moved south and established the capital at Wiryeseong in the Han River region, first naming the state Sipje . After the death of his brother Biryu, Onjo united the people under his rule, and the name was changed to Baekje , meaning “a hundred joys,” symbolizing the people’s contentment in following him. Baekje’s governmental system developed into the office of the Sangjwa-pyeong (chief minister), the Six Jwapyeong, a 16-rank hierarchy, 22 Dammno (local administrative districts), Bangnyeong, and 22 central ministries. As depicted in Goguryeo murals, attire consisted of jackets reaching down to the waist paired with trousers, a...

Daemokjang (Master Carpenter of Traditional Architecture)

A carpenter who builds houses or makes household items from wood is generally called a moksu . Among these, the Daemokjang refers to the master carpenter responsible for the construction of palaces, temples, and grand residences. Recognizing the cultural value of traditional wooden architecture, the Korean government designated the Daemokjang as Important Intangible Cultural Heritage No. 74 in 1982 to preserve and pass down this tradition. Today, renowned Daemokjang masters include Jeon Heung-su, Shin Eung-su, and Choi Ki-young. The Daemokjang is often praised as an artisan who elevates wood into beautiful works of art. The development of wooden architecture in Korea owes much to the building of temples. With the introduction of Buddhism in the 4th century, temple construction marked the beginning of Korea’s flourishing wooden architecture. Surviving structures such as the Muryangsujeon Hall of Buseoksa and the Geungnakjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa attest to the world-class craftsmansh...

The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty (Uigwe)

The Uigwe of the Joseon Dynasty were detailed records that documented major state ceremonies almost as if they were photographs. For royal events such as weddings, funerals, sixtieth birthday banquets, or receptions for foreign envoys, the Joseon court always produced a booklet combining written accounts with illustrations. These records were called Uigwe . The purpose of creating the Uigwe was to serve as a reference for future generations when conducting similar ceremonies. Thus, each volume included various official documents prepared for the event, organizational charts of duties, lists of responsible officials, the number of people mobilized, the materials and goods used, the expenses incurred, and a step-by-step written record of the entire process. Court painters from the Bureau of Painting ( Dohwaseo ) were assigned to illustrate the proceedings. In simple terms, the role of the Uigwe was not unlike that of today’s event management companies: planning, documenting, and rep...